Rules that have previously been formally agreed by all the sovereign governments controlled by those rules. If those governments no longer wish to be bound by the rules, there is a mechanism to leave.

The American vines had developed tolerance to the pest because the pest came from America. So the whole disaster in European vineyards in the 19th century, where most of those in France and other countries were wiped out, was caused by an American pest. The continued existence of this pest means that the plants have to be laboriously grafted onto American root stock.

Although cameras are different from TVs in the way pixels are counted:

• A 4K TV has 8 megapixels in one sense but in fact each pixel is made up of three sub-pixels (red, green and blue) so really there are 24 megapixels.

• A 24-megapixel camera is usually made up of 12 million green pixels, 6 million red pixels and 6 million blue pixels.

This makes it hard compare resolutions. Certainly an 8-megapixel video camera has a lower resolution than a 4K TV but consumer video standards (with 4:2:0 colour subsampling) reduce TVs' advantage.

GMT is now ambiguous and there's nothing official that says what it means. In science, UTC has taken over as the main time standard, based on atomic clocks. The old definition of time used by GMT has been superseded and it's no longer clear what it might mean, though any of several standards based on the rotation of the earth, like UT1 and UT2, could be used.

The name GMT is still used by the British public to refer to the civil time used when summer time is not in effect. But there's no law or regulation that gives a definition of GMT or even how civil time is defined in the UK. The British body responsible for civil time has taken the obvious course and uses UTC.

Both photos were taken in the same year so it's hard to find out which was taken first.

Thirstiness after consuming sugar is a symptom of diabetes. It also results in plenty of urinating. Your body is essentially trying to flush the excess sugar out of your system. Consider having your blood sugar tested.

There's a bigger gap between dots and dashes in different letters. If a dot is 1 unit of time then a dash is 3. Dots and dashes in the same letter are separated by 1 unit whereas there's a 3-unit gap between letters and a 7-unit gap between words. With practice it's not hard to hear, even at relatively high speeds. You don't listen for the individual dots and dashes but instead you learn the rhythm of each letter and even common short words.

Keep in mind that the east coast of Australia was mapped by Captain Cook in 1770 ... sailing in a wind-powered vessel that was originally a coal carrier.