The big breaking waves you see in the movies or more often in surfing videos are the result of various, but extremely specific sea floor geography. Those conditions just don't exist on most sea shores around the world. That's why surfers travel to the areas with big waves, not just their nearest coast.

See the force of waves is almost entirely lateral. The things that cause them to curl over and break is either the wind behind the wave pushing it over or the sea floor redirecting the energy up at such an angle that it creates a narrow but tall wave. Again those sea floor conditions just don't exist most places. So tsunamis just end up being really wide and short waves.

Think of it like an x ray for rock. We expose a radioactive capsule and detect the reflected radiation. Since radiation can travel through solid objects we can use it to determine the relative density of rocks in a certain area which can help identify different minerals. Rocks are much denser than human flesh obviously. So the quick exposure we get from a medical x ray would be too short. Usually intervals of around 60 seconds are needed for the device to get a clear picture.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_densitometry

Pennsylvania route 6 up north is always a great cruise. Also the road from Dubois up through Elk county towards Renovo is simply beautiful as well.

Christianity is the belief that Jesus Christ was the son of God sent to save us from sin, he died on the cross, then was resurrected and taken to heaven by God.

Catholicism is one of many sects of the christian religion. The differences between the different sects are varied. In the broadest of strokes the differences comes down to the way they interpret the bible and the way they practice their religion. To get into more specifics than that and you go deep into the theological weeds.

Believe it or not they ventilated mines with fires. It likely started as a way to view what they were mining, but they noticed that the fires created an air current within their mine that drew fresh air in and the hot noxious air was pushed out. Later civilizations also had this same realization. The Greeks had ventilation shafts powered by fire heat. Romans, being engineers, figured out how to use manpower (ie slaves) and plam fronds to waft air along the ventilation shafts. Still mining was a dangerous business and many miners died from various gas poisonings.

For much of history we used simple wax candles for light in the mine. They were dim, but in pitch darkness they were more than adequate. Luckily candles really don't consume that much oxygen, much less than a human would. So there really wasn't any indications that candles were a risk.

It's basically taking a small out of context word or phrase and making it seem like the person's entire argument based upon that phrase. Like the proverbial strawman, it's a hollow representation.

For instance let's say we're having an argument over climate change. I say "the data says that in 20 years this planet will be unrecognizably changed by the climate shift if we don't implement policy changes now." If I were to debate that with the intent to make a strawman I'd argue "my opponent is saying the world as we know it will end in 20 years."

While not technically false, I did say the world would be unrecognizable, it misreprents the actual point I made in order to make it easier to oppose.

There's nothing convenient about it. In a nuclear explosion there are trillions of neutrons flying outwards from the epicenter. Through simple statistical probability some will collide with something. Only other radioactive elements would be unstable enough to be fully destroyed by the energy of being slammed into by a neutron. Thus neutrons get stuck inside the nucleus of the atom.

However, without more protons to keep the forces inside the atom balanced it must be released. So the atoms themselves will become radioactive just naturally trying to relieve that imbalance.

Here are some of the radionuclides (atomic isotopes) made by a nuclear explosion.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_product

Yes a nuclear detonation makes other things radioactive. The process is called "neutron activation". Essentially all the high energy particles being flung out from the explosion slam into atoms. The neutrons can be captures in the heavier atoms, mainly in the soil. This creates internal instability in the atom and causes it to become radioactive.

That is what fallout largely is. While most nuclear blasts don't consume all the nuclear material, there really isn't enough to form the dust we get from fallout. That's why if we detonate a bomb high enough over a population there will be little to no radiation damage. A lot of the radiation and danger afterwards come from the neutron activated soils flung into the sky by the blast.