One of my dogs responds to the phrase "Do you wanna..." Her ears will perk up and she'll tilt her head like she's trying to comprehend. Then depending on if I finish the sentence with "go outside" or "eat" she'll blast off in the appropriate direction.

Well you could use words like sweet, tart, tangy, acidic or citrus-y.

My dogs' associate me turning off the TV with bed time. As soon as the TV screen goes dark they are lined up next to my bedroom door, waiting to get into their crates.