Sure, but when it overshot the downside, it immediately corrected itself. If your logic is correct, wouldn't we have expected the Taylor Rule to shoot back down already?

Obviously I don't expect a 10% rate, but those two lines converging around 7% seems reasonable and horrifying.

Economics has no good of its own. It's just a series of ideas.

Good question!

First off, there never was a barter system in any significant way (ie, "I've got one goat and you've got some clogs and we exchange them"). Rather, the assumption that there always must have been a sort of market exchange of goods is modern society projecting its own beliefs onto the past.

In the example above, most tribal societies wouldn't see it as you owning a goat and me owning some clogs. Instead, they would like see us as having (or having access to) a goat and some clogs. If the tribe had things available to it, members of the tribe wouldn't be excluded from them. Concepts like private property, individual ownership and the pursuit of maximizing individual wealth as we know them today are much, much more recent.

One thing to note about most ideas of Anarchist society is that it's very communal (which may seem counterintuitive to people who think anarchy = chaos). The idea is that people work for the benefit of all (which includes themselves) rather than for themselves (which may exclude others).

You're right that such a system would likely gain some efficiency by quantifying labor or goods and services, but that doesn't require money. The key tenet of money that you're missing is that some individual or group owns that abstraction of value (and others do not own it). In a well-functioning anarchist society, the idea is that you wouldn't pay for food or housing or healthcare, for example; rather, these things would be available to you because the members of the society work to provide them to all according to their need.

Obviously there are lots of complexities and uncertainties that such a society would need to navigate, but the main thrust is that if we abolish private property, there is no longer a role for money to play.