No, assuming that you're not drinking enough to actually give you hypertension, it won't damage your kidneys. Your kidneys will filter the fluid it "sees" and as long as that fluid is coming through at a reasonable pressure, you're not really overloading the kidneys. The kidneys have immense reserve.

Maybe in the past, but now it's all handled by computers that can do this relatively easily.

There is somebody, usually the trial coordinator who takes care of the randomization and the linking of the randomization card to the patient. In the modern era, the computer "knows" who is assigned to what without necessitating a human to know.

I think you're referring to the gravitational force exerted on an object by a planet. And in a Newtonian rather than relativistic sense. You can calculate the gravitational force between any 2 objects by F = G*m1*m2/r^2, where G is the universal gravitational constant. This is Newton's formulation. When you're talking about a 2-body system, this is simple.

But when you're talking about something floating in space where position is defined by its relationship to more than 1 object, this becomes more difficult. For example, the moon experiences the gravitational pull of the Earth. But it also experiences the gravitational pull of other massive objects nearby, like other planets. These are other vectors that all act on the object. Fortunately, other than things that are pretty close (astronomically speaking) together, the effect of r^2 is to dilute the effect of gravity out to near zero for things that are relatively far apart, to the point where it's negligible.

Rabies doesn't typically stay latent in your body for years. When it's treated, it's treated.

All immunity wanes over time. If you've been treated with rabies immune globulin and vaccine after you were exposed, the immunities generated last, in general, for several years. There isn't any good long-term data on this since it's so rare but I would think that over time, antibody titers go down and upon re-exposure, we would just treat the patient the same way as if they were initially exposed. Some studies here:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7410895/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27997343/

Because your immune cells aren't good at killing off pathogens that have long life cycles and slowly replicate. This is because your immune cells target foreign proteins and when the virus doesn't make a whole lot of new protein, there's not a lot for your immune cells to recognize. This is called a dormant stage. HSV does this by hiding in the dorsal root ganglia which is an immune privileged site.

Yes, it's possible, up to a certain length. But when you don't have enzymes doing the work for you, it's hard to get the exact sequence the way you want it after a certain length due to errors. Enzymes that do this type of work are highly conserved and highly specialized for their jobs. See this for chemical synthesis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6270108/

Also worth noting is that protein structure is just as important as, if not more important than, protein sequence. Protein structure and folding is what conveys enzymatic activity and function. The tougher challenge in modern chemistry has been getting proteins to fold the way you want it to.

All histamine H1 receptor antagonists that cross the blood-brain barrier make you drowsy because that is an effect of blocking the H1 receptor in the central nervous system. There are newer drugs used for allergies that don't make you sleepy because they block only peripheral H1 receptors. These newer drugs are like cetirizine, brand name Zyrtec.