All motion is relative. If you are moving along a straight line out in space, and you want to start spinning, then you just do that. The linear motion means absolutely nothing because without reference to something else it doesn’t even really exist.

What problem are you trying to solve...?

Two spinning spheres attached to eachother with a "tether" will definitely be able to function in a "centrifugal" manner as long as you keep the tether taut and both balls spinning around the centre - at the right speed, you'll also have the 1G gravity we like, at a very specific distance away from the centre of gravity - much more further away, and much less as you get closer to the middle.

This isn't ideal for travelling to destinations, though, as nobody can dock with you and you have to somehow get "rid" of all the momentum before you get to your destination anyway, you cannot safely orbit a planet while also spinning around yourself.

If you were to launch a shuttle from one of your spheres, you'd immediately have a major shift in your centre of gravity, since the balance of masses changed - this can jerk your tether and cause damage to the spheres.

Absolutely. The two are independent forces in perpendicular directions.

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I believe so but I'm an idiot. Works in movies