>Do HOAs determine who can buy a house?

In some states they're still called "covenant controlled communities" which is a euphemism for everyone having sales contracts that they agreed to when buying that obligate then never to sell to nonwhites. Developers put them in place to keep prices up when selling lots and new homes.

Those restrictions are unenforceable now, but the language is still there on some people's deeds. And the neighborhoods haven't changed much and sometimes aren't exactly friendly to diversity.

The issue is lack of isonomical enforcement