basmwklz OP t1_irlvyus wrote
Abstract
Background
A striking effect of old age is the involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and reduced physiological functions. However, effects of heavy-load exercise in older adults on diseases and functions as predicted by changes in muscle gene expression have been inadequately studied.
Methods
Thigh muscle global transcriptional activity (transcriptome) was analyzed in cohorts of older and younger adults before and after 12–13 weeks heavy-load strength exercise using Affymetrix microarrays. Three age groups, similarly trained, were compared: younger adults (age 24 ± 4 years), older adults of average age 70 years (Oslo cohort) and above 80 years (old BSU cohort). To increase statistical strength, one of the older cohorts was used for validation. Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA) was used to identify predicted biological effects of a gene set that changed expression after exercise, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to visualize differences in muscle gene expressen between cohorts and individual participants as well as overall changes upon exercise.
Results
Younger adults, showed few transcriptome changes, but a marked, significant impact was observed in persons of average age 70 years and even more so in persons above 80 years. The 249 transcripts positively or negatively altered in both cohorts of older adults (q-value < 0.1) were submitted to gene set enrichment analysis using IPA. The transcripts predicted increase in several aspects of “vascularization and muscle contractions”, whereas functions associated with negative health effects were reduced, e.g., “Glucose metabolism disorder” and “Disorder of blood pressure”. Several genes that changed expression after intervention were confirmed at the genome level by containing single nucleotide variants associated with handgrip strength and muscle expression levels, e.g., CYP4B1 (p = 9.2E-20), NOTCH4 (p = 9.7E-8), and FZD4 (p = 5.3E-7). PCA of the 249 genes indicated a differential pattern of muscle gene expression in young and elderly. However, after exercise the expression patterns in both young and old BSU cohorts were changed in the same direction for the vast majority of participants.
Conclusions
The positive impact of heavy-load strength training on the transcriptome increased markedly with age. The identified molecular changes translate to improved vascularization and muscular strength, suggesting highly beneficial health effects for older adults.
SemanticTriangle t1_irlw9t4 wrote
>involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and reduced physiological functions.
If you stop training or never start, your muscle loss is not involuntary.
lavachat t1_irlx4d0 wrote
Involuntarily training stops in 70+ due to fractures and longer healing periods, dizziness, fall risks, joint pain etc are common.
SemanticTriangle t1_irlxfv9 wrote
Have you seen the cross sections of muscle mass for people who kept training, even interrupted by injury, to the people who aged with sedentary lifestyles? It's night and day. Things get more difficult, but in an 80/20 sense the majority of frailty we associate with old age is the result of cessation of activity, rather than the cessation of activity being caused by the frailty of old age.
WebtoonThrowaway99 t1_irm2h0t wrote
>Have you seen the cross sections of muscle mass for people who kept training, even interrupted by injury, to the people who aged with sedentary lifestyles?
No, where can I see it?
antiquemule t1_irma7ni wrote
Just click on the underlined words in the previous post - it's a link to an illustrated scientific paper.
[deleted] t1_irm2qne wrote
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zbbrox t1_irn0llm wrote
I mean, older people get less active for a reason. There's obviously a vicious cycle here.
SemanticTriangle t1_irn5poe wrote
Note that my original comment was not a comment about those that kept training and lost condition, but about those that stopped training or never started. The paper I linked clearly shows a downward trend and we all anecdotally feel the effects of age.
The universe doesn't care. If you do not use it, you will lose it. Age will get us all, but remember: what do we say to the god of death?
GlandyThunderbundle t1_irnn5g4 wrote
>Age will get us all, but remember: what do we say to the god of death?
Oooooh! I know this one:
wingardium leviosa
Strazdas1 t1_irr6k6n wrote
>what do we say to the god of death?
How soon?
[deleted] t1_irn6w1c wrote
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throwawaytrumper t1_irom529 wrote
It’s often injury. I work a physical job and I’m surrounded by guys with persistent physical injuries to their joints and backs.
At 41 the only reason I’m not among them is because I heal stupidly quickly and thoroughly, I still work out hard and do challenging physical tasks but I sometimes wonder when or if the healing will start to go away.
Strazdas1 t1_irr6osh wrote
Anecdotally, i see a lot of people in construction being forced to retirement due to back injuries in the 40-50 age group.
neomateo t1_irn2uy9 wrote
What would that reason be?
zbbrox t1_irn4pnl wrote
Loss of bone mass, slower healing, deceased cardiac function...
[deleted] t1_irn908v wrote
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TheDeadGuy t1_irn6st0 wrote
More pain and slower recovery
neomateo t1_irn8rd1 wrote
I disagree, it’s attitude for most.
TheDeadGuy t1_irnafro wrote
You disagree that things are more painful and recovery is slower?
neomateo t1_irngx70 wrote
I disagree with the assertion that reduced recovery and pain is the primary reason people slow down. While that may be an effect, it’s secondary or tertiary to the greater effect of their mental perspective on life.
There’s a huge attitude problem with many people that only gets worse as they age “I hate exercise”, “ I’m done with that period of my life”. People use their age as an excuse to “take it easy” rather than a reason to keep moving.
whittily t1_irnqmp7 wrote
How old are you bud
neomateo t1_irpagf1 wrote
Old enough, how about you?
McBleezy8 t1_irogb4b wrote
Regarding your original point that those that stopped lost interest. There doesn’t seem to be any evidence linking what you’re saying about “attitude.” There is evidence showing lowered mobility in those that never started or those that stopped comparable to those that kept going but there doesn’t seem to be any real studies done on causation whether that be injury or lack of interest in those that stopped.
plentyofsilverfish t1_irpk39v wrote
Consider how ableist that position is.
SemanticTriangle t1_irq97yk wrote
It's reasonable to assume all of the normal caveats and side conditions apply, but it definitely makes the sentence less punchy. I guess all in all, it's easier to accuse me of ableism than to think about the vast majority of people in the OECD who age badly because they just don't make the time for it.
The statement isn't intended to be comprehensive. It's intended to be simple. Most people, especially able bodied people, think of old age as something that happens to them that can't be mitigated. There's a component of that, but for the most part it can be held off by being active. Even people with disabilities benefit from being as active as they can.
See how much longer that was to write?
HypatiaBlue t1_irw6qew wrote
>Stupid question (from someone who's guilty of what you described) - any suggestions on where to begin or is there a point of no-return? After a certain level of "decline", even walking can be painful. I'm genuinely asking because I'm trying really hard, but there are people who are all too willing to write me off.
SemanticTriangle t1_irwb414 wrote
It's complicated, especially if your problem is high body fat percentage. Eating disorders are no joke, but controlling body fat ultimately comes down to controlling energy intake.
If you are just not active, then you start at the beginning. Either /r/fitness or /r/bodyweightfitness have beginner guides and faqs. But there's no easy or short road. You have to consistently put in the work and it's not easy.
If you have medical problems or pain you may need medical advice first, or to fix underlying issues, and those subs will not give medical advice.
[deleted] t1_is0w6gy wrote
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codehoser t1_irqfcaf wrote
Is that supposed to convince us that it was a dumb idea for you to write an accurate statement over a sensational one because it took you all of six sentences?
Strazdas1 t1_irr6v3d wrote
Can you explain that stating you loose muscle mass if you choose not to exercise is ableist?
[deleted] t1_irz0sb4 wrote
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