Goliatheos OP t1_jae83di wrote on February 28, 2023 at 8:17 PM

Reply to comment by [deleted] in New quantum state boosts material's conductivity by a billion percent by Goliatheos

>alignment of the spins of the electrons in the material

The alignment of spins of electrons is an important factor in determining the electrical properties of a material. In general, materials with unpaired electrons and partially filled d or f electron shells tend to have strong magnetic properties and are more likely to exhibit spin alignment.

Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, have strong spin alignment and are ideal for improving electron flow in electronic devices such as hard drives, transformers, and generators. In these materials, the unpaired electrons are aligned in the same direction, which results in a net magnetic moment and a strong attraction between neighboring atoms. This alignment of spins creates a pathway for electrons to flow more easily through the material, making it more conductive.

Other materials that can exhibit spin alignment and improve electron flow include ferrimagnetic materials (such as ferrites), antiferromagnetic materials, and certain types of semiconductors (such as diluted magnetic semiconductors).

Goliatheos OP t1_jaea4va wrote on February 28, 2023 at 8:30 PM

Several examples of elements and molecules that have been studied for their spin alignment properties in the presence of a strong electromagnetic field to optimize electron flow are graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphene has unique electronic properties due to its high surface area, high electron mobility, and the ability to form spin-polarized states under certain conditions.

Another example is nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. NV centers consist of a substitutional nitrogen atom adjacent to a lattice vacancy in a diamond crystal. They exhibit long-lived spin states that can be manipulated by applying a magnetic field or microwave radiation, making them promising candidates for applications in quantum computing and sensing.

Additionally, organic molecules like porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been studied for their spin alignment properties.

Besides iron, cobalt, and nickel, there are several other elements that can exhibit strong spin alignment and be useful for improving electron flow in electronic devices. Some examples include:

Neodymium (Nd): This rare earth element has strong magnetic properties and is commonly used in high-performance magnets, such as those used in computer hard drives.

Samarium (Sm): Another rare earth element with strong magnetic properties, samarium is often used in high-strength magnets and magnetic storage media.

Dysprosium (Dy): This rare earth element has very high magnetic strength and is often used in high-performance magnets for applications such as electric motors and wind turbines.

Gadolinium (Gd): This rare earth element is often used in magnetic refrigeration systems and as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its strong magnetic properties.

Platinum (Pt): While not as strongly magnetic as some of the other elements on this list, platinum can exhibit spin alignment and is often used in electronic devices such as hard disk drives and fuel cells.