There's no requirement for an apartment to have a fire extinguisher. It has to have a working smoke alarm, though.

The fire extinguisher in the hallways is for use by anyone in that hallway. You grab it off of the holder, take it into your apartment, read the directions, and use it.

Did you call the apartment building's management office to ask why they were taken away?

If you want a fire extinguisher in your home you have to buy it for yourself. They have 'em at Lowe's and Home Depot.