Submitted by BernardJOrtcutt t3_xuk9z9 in philosophy
wecomeone t1_ir0ql84 wrote
Reply to comment by Lumpy-Passenger-1986 in /r/philosophy Open Discussion Thread | October 03, 2022 by BernardJOrtcutt
I entirely agree, but Nineteen Eighty-Four is not really an example of a utopia that failed. Towards the end of the book we learn that Ingsoc, the ideology behind the society of Oceania, was never utopian at all. The destruction of all beauty and pleasure, the self-perpetuating misery endured by pretty much everyone, is all a feature, not a bug. It's a case of systematically making things worse and worse, deliberately.
>'The real power, the power we have to fight for night and day, is not power over things, but over men.' [O'Brien] paused, and for a moment assumed again his air of a schoolmaster questioning a promising pupil: 'How does one man assert his power over another, Winston?'
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>Winston thought.
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>'By making him suffer,' he said.
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>'Exactly. By making him suffer. Obedience is not enough. Unless he is suffering, how can you be sure that he is obeying your will and not his own? Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing. Do you begin to see, then, what kind of world we are creating? It is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imagined. A world of fear and treachery and torment, a world of trampling and being trampled upon, a world which will grow not less but MORE merciless as it refines itself. Progress in our world will be progress towards more pain. The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love or justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. Everything else we shall destroy--everything. Already we are breaking down the habits of thought which have survived from before the Revolution. We have cut the links between child and parent, and between man and man, and between man and woman. No one dares trust a wife or a child or a friend any longer. But in the future there will be no wives and no friends. Children will be taken from their mothers at birth, as one takes eggs from a hen. The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are at work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science. When we are omnipotent we shall have no more need of science. There will be no distinction between beauty and ugliness. There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life. All competing pleasures will be destroyed. But always--do not forget this, Winston--always there will be the intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face--for ever.'
Then we find out why on earth anyone would want to do such a thing.
>'You are ruling over us for our own good,' [Winston] said feebly. 'You believe that human beings are not fit to govern themselves, and therefore----'
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>He started and almost cried out. A pang of pain had shot through his body. O'Brien had pushed the lever of the dial up to thirty-five.
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>'That was stupid, Winston, stupid!' he said. 'You should know better than to say a thing like that.'
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>He pulled the lever back and continued:
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>'Now I will tell you the answer to my question. It is this. The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. What pure power means you will understand presently. We are different from all the oligarchies of the past, in that we know what we are doing. All the others, even those who resembled ourselves, were cowards and hypocrites. The German Nazis and the Russian Communists came very close to us in their methods, but they never had the courage to recognize their own motives. They pretended, perhaps they even believed, that they had seized power unwillingly and for a limited time, and that just round the corner there lay a paradise where human beings would be free and equal. We are not like that. We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power. Now do you begin to understand me?'
To Winston Smith's horror, he learns that the founding impulse behind the entire ideology is no deeper or more meaningful than the sadistic delight of a cruel little child pulling the legs off a spider, to make himself feel like a god.
Whereas Nietzschean will-to-power is in the best sense about self mastery and self overcoming, here is the will-to-power of the pathetic bully whose only way to feel powerful is to inflict torture on others. It's a whole class of such sad characters, in this case.
Yeah, Nineteen Eighty-Four is quite the read.
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