This year will be the first time I pay taxes, and I need some clarifications on the capital loss rule. To keep the numbers simple, let's say my total taxable income this year is 10k, so my tax will be 1k, and I lost 3k in investment. I am confused about which of these scenarios will happen:

1. The 3k I lost will be deducted from the 10k income I made this year, and I will only be taxed on 7k of income. Which means I only get 300 back from my loss.
2. Or will I get taxed 1k, but then I can file a tax return and get that 1k refunded? If this is the case, what will happen with the 2k I lost? Will I get refunded 3k in total, or will it carry over to the next tax year? And if the 2k carries over to the next year, will it be a tax deductible like in case 1 or a refund in case 2?

Thank you in advance for your help!