Here's something famous for doing just that:

Robert Altman's neo-noir film The Long Goodbye.

Every single piece of music in the entire film (except for the End Titles' Music, which features a satiric use of Hooray for Hollywood) is a variation of the same piece of music: "The Long Goodbye" --composed by John Williams! (It's one of his most unique scores.)

But the thing is, each time it's heard (mostly diegetically) it's re-composed for an entirely different genre, in a way which is in tune with the scene: There's a Blue's Version, a Piano Bar Version, a Jazz version, a Mariachi Band version, composed as music for a Funeral procession; it's hummed by a thug, heard as Muzak in a grocery story, and used in many other ways. The opening notes of its melody are even used as the doorbell chime at the home of the movie's femme fatale.