One of the main differences between the Romans and Italians during the Social War was their legal status. Romans were citizens of the Roman Republic and had certain legal rights and protections, while most Italians were not citizens and were subject to different laws and regulations. This disparity in legal status was one of the main grievances that sparked the Social War, as many Italians felt that they were being treated unfairly by the Roman Republic.

Another difference between the Romans and Italians during the Social War was their political power. Romans held most of the positions of power within the Roman Republic, including the consulship, the senate, and the military. By contrast, many Italians felt that they were being excluded from political power and were not given a say in important decisions that affected their lives.

In terms of culture and society, the Romans and Italians had many similarities, as both groups shared a common language, religion, and history.