So, the term I think you'd like to learn more about is called "KPI", or "Key Performance Indicator".

In general a KPI is broad term used to quantify (measure) productivity, we give it a vague name because it can be totally unique to the person or role, and even within a specific role but different managers, different people might measure different KPIs.

For example - a teacher

Possible KPIs might be - students who pass the class, students enrolled in the class, rates of student drop out from class, number of office hours per week, number of students attending office hours.

For a bus driver - Number of accidents per year, number of people who ride the bus, number of late (or early) stops, miles traveled, fuel burned. Etc.

Some KPIs you want to minimize, some you want to maximize, it totally depends on what you're tracking.

A big of being a manager is knowing which KPIs are important to track in a direct report and how to influence them.

As an employee, you might want to understand your KPIs and how you're being measured. Because you might think you're hot shit, but if you have terrible KPIs you're objectively not doing well in the role. Alternatively, it might help you understand what your manager wants from you. You might think you job is all about doing X really well, and you might be God's gift to X, but if all your KPIs are related to Y, again, you might not be performing as your employer expects.