It's a lot tougher to say than you want, and there's not a hard and fast medical explanation that's conclusive for migraines. Headache is a catch all term for head pain. Sources are anything from impact, to blood pressure, to muscle fatigue in the neck and dehydration.

Migraines appear to be a problem with blood vessels. It's considered a "neurovascular" problem and affects more than just the head. They can be caused by pretty much the same thing as headaches. They are treated by treating one of the suspected causes. Some people respond well to antidepressants, some people respond well to medicines that affect blood vessels.

Thunderclap headaches are really uncommon, really severe headaches that typically warn about severe problems in the brain, like bleeding or an aneurysm.

Migraines cover many different types of migraine, some respond to treatment some do not. Migraines, you start with, with aura or without aura, usually have nausea, light phobia, light hurts, sound often hurts. Often migraine is one sided. They have three stages to a migraine, they last for three days. Headaches. Main groups. Migraine, cluster, sinus, tension. I noticed you mentioned vascular headaches. I have been a patient at four top headache clinics in the USA, I have three types of severe headaches, if you need an outlet to complain or question let me know

[removed]

Thunderclap headache equals bleed (usually subarachnoid bleed) until proven otherwise (I'm a Dr).

[removed]