Archery has been used in combat since prior to written history up until firearms started to get really good in the 1600s. This is a really long time and the bows, the archers that fired them, and the tactics are quite varied. So, it’s difficult to totally generalize.

Ammunition is always a concern, and the amount of mobility the archers needed affected how many they could carry.

Range and accuracy varies a lot. Sometimes archers shot big inaccurate volleys over long range, like longbows. Sometimes they were shorter range and individual accuracy mattered.

The effectiveness of archers also varies over history. Better shields and armor, or swift movements like cavalry could be a hard counter to archers of their day, only for better bows and tactics to bring them back to the fore.