sources
income differences
https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/bridges/volume-3-2020/examining-us-economic-racial-inequality-by-state
incarceration differences
https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p20st.pdf (pg 10, Table 3)

tool: Mathematica

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– the plot points represent the fifty US states; and are colored according to their 2020 Electoral College vote
– top two plots: the dashed lines are the means; the 'boxes' are ± one standard deviation (SD) from the mean
– the parenthetical percent is the "relative standard deviation" (RSD)
– bottom plot: the ellipses are centered on the Rep/Dem means; the standard deviations are represented by the ellipses' axes
– the plot points are the (B/W income ratio, B/W incarceration ratio) coordinates for each state (excepting missing income data for three states)
– see comment below for definition of "impact"

other comments:
(this post content was suggested in a comment for a previous post; "best-fit lines, correlations: incarceration vs evangelical", posted27Oct)

i) the B/W income ratio data is pretty much the same for Rep and Dem states
ii) the B/W incarceration ratio data is about a third larger for Dem states than for Rep states; the four largest B/W incarceration ratios were for New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and Louisiana (descending incarceration order) ... an unexpected result
iii) for both Rep and Dem states, as the B/W income ratio increases, the B/W incarceration ratio decreases
iv) the Rep states' slope is larger than the Dem states' slope; also, the Rep r-value is greater than the Dem r-value
v) the B/W income ratio does NOT follow the non-random, top/bottom Rep/Dem pattern seen for previous metrics; which indicates that B/W income inequality is not biased because of a state's political orientation