Data Source -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population

Charted on Excel.

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This demonstrates that India has always been one of the most populous part of the world due to multiple climatic & geo-political reasons.

I did not expect that trend line to be pointed down

Population growth is faster in Africa than in India

I wonder if it's a coincidence that the Mughal invasion in the early 16c happened after the Indian population halved over the preceding two centuries. Perhaps the reduced population made India an easier target for their expansion.

(I'm not a history buff, just interested in stuff)

The chart doesn't say that India's population halved in that time, rather it didn't grow was fast oas the rest of the world. OK, technically, the ROW population may have remained static, and India's halved, but that seems unlikely.

I followed the Data Source links OP posted, specifically the table at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_India#Prehistory_to_early_19th_century and used that.

India was always populated having one of the most fertile lands in the world.

What is classified as India here ? The current borders or by contemporaneous definitions ?

This data includes population of present day Pakistan and Bangladesh till 1820.

May I ask why 1820? The Partition separating the British Raj was in 1947

Wikipedia doesnt give the reason for this. My guess would be the availability of more detailed census data which allowed for excluding these reasons in later calculations.

Does this include Pakistan and Bangladesh? Just saw the bellow comment

Can you make another chart with that data still included

Only till 1820