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deadcommand t1_j4z4aeh wrote

So this hits the pitfall many fall into of thinking evolution is a thing you choose. It’s not. Mutations, most of random, happen and the ones that are useful in some way, or at least not actively detrimental, get passed on.

The reality is that science still doesn’t really have good answers when it comes to how a species’ chromosome is divided up. Hell, there’s a lot about our own genetics that we still don’t understand. For example, introns are something of a mystery. We know what they are, we know what happens with them. But why? Still not sure.

So the answer to your question basically comes down to “we’re not entirely sure.”

Not satisfying, I know, but that’s science. The more you know, the more you realize you don’t know.

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Vercassivelaunos t1_j4zwhgm wrote

I don't really see them falling into that pit. I read the question more in the following sense: If an individual randomly has additional or fewer chromosomes, and reproduction with all the other individuals having the standard number of chromosomes is difficult, then how come so many species did manage to reproduce after introducing or losing new chromosomes?

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Painting_Agency t1_j50grma wrote

> “we’re not entirely sure.”

As someone with a moderate biological education I always assume "if the chances of something are low, just remember evolution has a LOT of time and a LOT of DNA replication events to work with" is the answer to weird questions about evolution.

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deadcommand t1_j50l18n wrote

I both like and dislike that. Because on the one hand, yeah, you’re not wrong. On the other, it feels a bit like it discourages exploration as a kind of “yeah it just be like that” sort of thing.

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Painting_Agency t1_j50w1ap wrote

The thing is that with science we CAN explore how things happen. There isn't really a "why" in evolution though. I mean, there is a why in the proximal sense, but there's no plan. Alleles either propagate in a population or they don't. With good data analysis we can map how that happened, when it happened, and we can postulate and test what causes it to happen.

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anon525as t1_j4zidhj wrote

Idk about chromosomes part of this post's context. But adding to the evolution part for anyone who's interested.

When cells divide and grow the genetic code isn't copied 100% correctly. There are errors, some get fixed some don't. The ones that don't get fixed and continue to exist are what we call cancer.

Genetic mutation is a random thing that just happens when cell divide and grow because of not 100% being copied exactly the same. If there is a mutation which gives the individual an edge over other beings of the same species then it becomes easier for them to survive and reproduce. As their offspring increase and the ones with this mutation absent die or have less offsprings we see what we know as "nature's selection"

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shitivseen t1_j4zrnbl wrote

To clarify: The vast majority of genetic mutations do not cause cancer. Only when the mutation alters the function of tumor suppressor or pro-oncogenic genes the risk of cancer increases. Additionally there are pathways cells can utilize to prevent cancer development even if a single one mutates. A rule of thumb is that six of these specific genes need to be mutated to actually cause cancer (this can vary of course).

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PoopLogg t1_j4ztif9 wrote

> >When cells divide and grow the genetic code isn't copied 100% correctly. There are errors, some get fixed some don't. The ones that don't get fixed and continue to exist are what we call cancer. >

Sometimes it's a cancer, sometimes it's a webbing between your fingers, and that helps you glide when you fall off a tree, and in a million years you're a bat.

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No_Ingenuity3366 t1_j4zp51q wrote

Your partly correct only cell devision DNA makes two exact copies that can repear themselves to 100%. When DNA is dammaged by toxic intake true food and environment DNA alters. RNA comes in 3 forms mRNA tRNA and rRNA with each their own fundamental function of the genome translation into practice. However when the genome(DNA) is dammaged the RNA takes over the error and can't fixt it so altered/dammaged proteins get build and altered processes get activated with auto-immuun disease and cancer as a consequence.Genetic mutation is not random it's bonded by toxic environment and ultraviolet light. All chemical elements not from nature in human body (foreign) is toxic and stacksup in organs which leads to disease.

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PhantomSkyz t1_j4zwyp7 wrote

>genetic mutation is not random

You were doing really good up until this point... Then I stated rereading your whole post and I'm pretty confident the latter half is mostly inaccurate.

E: actually, besides the 3 types of RNA, this is entirely inaccurate.

E2: Whatever bs you just tried coming back with got auto hidden. The person you were referring to doesn't have peer reviewed studies on the topic anyway.

E3: idk why you keep getting auto hidden, likely poor behavior. Anyway, obviously RNA can't repair missing data, that's literally not it's job... Dunno why you tried to change the subject though.

E4: whelp, you're a lost cause, 3 comments and not a single one shows up.

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InfernalOrgasm t1_j4ziyp1 wrote

And at the root of it all is this magical thing called quantum mechanics; wherein particles that don't even exist ... amount to observable, tangible, forces? It's really complicated

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