I used Dodelson's Modern Cosmology originally. However:

• There's a recent, very concise review article on the growth of structure.
• For the expansion history, the Wikipedia article on Friedmann equations has most of the relevant mathematics.
• The thermal history is more complicated. I hinted at some of its features when I mentioned 40% neutrinos and that photon domination only begins at a time of a few minutes (that's about when the electron-positron phase transition ends). I frequently refer to this article for details about the thermal history.