Submitted by [deleted] t3_yu3hs6 in askscience
That_Biology_Guy t1_iw7rf5y wrote
These terms are inherently relative rather than describing any definitive thresholds, but among insects hunting wasps and solitary bees are perhaps the most "K-selected". These species provide significant parental care to offspring in the form of food provisions (pollen/nectar in bees, and usually other paralyzed arthropods in wasps) and as a result have relatively low reproductive output on a per-individual basis.
For example, Punzo 1994 studied the tarantula hawk Pepsis thisbe, for which he estimated an average lifetime fecundity of 13.4 eggs/female. As you can imagine, the process of hunting down and paralyzing a tarantula, digging a nest, laying an egg, and burying it takes many hours. Also in line with the general traits of "K-selected" species, these offspring have fairly high survival rates with about 65% estimated to reach adulthood.
Another study by Bosch and Vicens 2006 of the mason bee Osmia cornuta over several years reported an average of about 10 eggs laid per female, and similarly low mortality rates. Unlike tarantula hawks this species does at least lay multiple eggs in one nest, but must make many trips to collect pollen, nectar, and building materials, taking about two days per offspring on average.
In contrast, a more "r-selected" species like a monarch butterfly may lay many hundreds of eggs in her life, but mortality rates are typically above 90% (Zalucki and Kitchling 1982).
[deleted] OP t1_iw8vx4s wrote
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