Submitted by harkhinz t3_yn6uev in askscience
WoodpeckerRich4461 t1_iv8kksu wrote
The surgeons and anesthesiologist place the patient on a heart-lung bypass device prior to removing the heart. This machine does the work to oxygenate and pump blood through the body during the transplant procedure.
Fluapaveggen t1_iv8pads wrote
How long is it possible to survive attached to a device like this?
urzu_seven t1_iv8syug wrote
A heart lung bypass machine used during surgery has a recommended usage limit of 6 hours though it can be used up to 10 hours. The limiting factor is the development of blood clots due to the nature of the machine and how it affects blood.
If a longer period is necessary a different, though similar device called an ECMO ( extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) machine can be used. These can be used for multiple days, with an upper limit around 30. However due to the prolonged use of blood thinners and other issues problems such as excessive bleeding can occur so it’s not ideal.
Finally, short of a living heart transplant there is the artificial heart, which has been able to last up to 5 years in some cases.
auraseer t1_iv9dfvv wrote
30 days is the usual quoted upper limit of ECMO, but that's an estimate. Some patients can survive much longer on it, into the hundreds of days. There's a published report of one patient who was on ECMO for 605 days, and survived to recover.
rharvey8090 t1_iv9j1ru wrote
I can assure you that I have personally had several patients on ECMO much longer than 30. Don’t think I’ve ever gotten close to 605 though!
Thedurtysanchez t1_iv9ygep wrote
Our son was at risk of needing ECMO and the main risk we heard at the time was a poor understanding of the temperature fluctuations in the blood supply could lead to cognitive or behavior complications later in life. Have you experienced that at all?
rharvey8090 t1_iv9zjll wrote
To be totally honest, I have pretty much zero experience with pediatric ECMO usage, just adults. In our adult patients, we have a controlled temp water bath connected to the circuit for temperature maintenance.
Thedurtysanchez t1_iva09l4 wrote
I believe they do it for the newborns as well, but the variations may have been enough.
He was on bypass for his surgeries and even that lead the surgeons to let us know he is at higher risk for ADHD for some reason they don't fully understand.
[deleted] t1_iva30yi wrote
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k9moonmoon t1_ivbgz4y wrote
I wonder if there's a physical causation or if it's just, kids that go through something like that are being closely monitored by parents as they grow and so symptoms for ADHD that might otherwise be overlooked get caught more? How common is an increase in ADHD in similarly expansive interventions in other kids? But bodies are so weird, it being a physical impact that will one day be understood exactly how it works, I'd believe.
Waebi t1_iv9ydar wrote
> recover
Had to check it out myself, the case report is gruesome. I doubt an adult would have survived the whole thing. https://journals.lww.com/asaiojournal/fulltext/2020/01000/recovery_from_total_acute_lung_failure_after_20.22.aspx
[deleted] t1_iv9hsz5 wrote
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seamustheseagull t1_iv9ehsz wrote
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postperfusion_syndrome
It's a poorly understood but known issues of cognitive decline/impairment following the use of a bypass.
So doctors will always try to minimise the use of the bypass as much as possible.
[deleted] t1_iv9abcp wrote
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EarthyFeet t1_iv9o4at wrote
Oh we heard a lot about ECMO devices being used in the ICUs during covid for some (I'm assuming) critical cases, and it was a limited resource
Accomplished_River43 t1_ivavgic wrote
Can that machine be made the size of a heart?
urzu_seven t1_ivax181 wrote
There are artificial hearts that can be implanted and as i mentioned have a life up to 5 years. Those are also the most complicated and expensive for that reason. You don’t need a HLB machine to be implanted because you are only using it temporarily.
[deleted] t1_ivaxdj7 wrote
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[deleted] t1_ivawwdx wrote
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[deleted] t1_iva4dik wrote
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WoodpeckerRich4461 t1_iv8q105 wrote
In a hospital setting that is equipped with staff and materials to provide proper care, people can survive days or more attached to a device like this on a regular basis for reasons beyond a transplant surgery. Often the survival of a transplant patient comes down to something other than the bypass machine including post-operative complications and immunosuppression
Taykeyero t1_iv8r9qh wrote
I would offer to this that staying on a bypass isn't optimal. After having a valve repaired I developed migraine. Cardiologist said it happens to patients who stay on them for a long time and my case was long. Others counter this so who knows but I didn't have them before and I still get them. I know, I know..this doesn't prove anything but I'm sharing anyway.
Practice_NO_with_me t1_iv95rko wrote
Isn't there a guy who has survived 100+ days on a portable heart machine? It's like a backpack he carried everywhere.
Brendan87 t1_iv98v3w wrote
You’re thinking of the movie Crank 2 starring Jason Statham. Hope this helps!
TheGatsbyComplex t1_iv98gja wrote
That is not quite the same. Cardiopulmonary bypass is for patients whose hearts and lungs don’t work… they are 100% comatose.
southbysoutheast94 t1_iv9zqi5 wrote
Not necessarily while being “on pump” typically is during GA, on ECMO no sedation is inherently needed.
futurettt t1_ivb6ymb wrote
My perfusionist friends would be happy you upgraded them to surgeons and anesthesiologists!
WoodpeckerRich4461 t1_ivclqfr wrote
My apologies 😅 I didn’t mean to leave out critical team members. We absolutely couldn’t perform these operations without the help of our perfusionist colleagues, nursing staff and others who help with the case.
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