Submitted by mark0136 t3_11gygda in askscience
Xanderak t1_jaupvh1 wrote
Yes the molecules are being pulled apart due to the stronger gravity closer to the black hole. Space-time stretching may have some effect in the last millionth of a second before the object is pulled in, but the object will already have been spaghettified before that happens.
Here’s a bit of math to back that up:
a=G*M/r2
Acceleration = gravitational constant * mass / radius(distance to mass center) squared
G=6.7e-11
Earth check:
M= 6e24
r=6378000m=6.4e6m
a= 6.7e-11 * 6e24 / 6.4e6^2 = 9.8m/s^2
3 solar mass black hole:
M= 6e30
r_feet = 1000000m (your feet at 1000km away)
r_head= 1000002m (your head)
a_feet = 402,000,000 m/s^2
a_head = 401,998,392 m/s^2
Looks almost the same but your feet are being pulled away from your head at 1608m/s^2 , or 164x Earth gravity! You’re also going close to speed of light and have only a few milliseconds left to live.
Above is Newtonian math and is good enough to answer your question. Even if you’re going 99% the speed of light, spacetime dilation is only 14%:
γ = √(1 - v²/c²) — Lorentz factor
= √(1 - 0.99²) = 14%
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