Calcium carbonate is vulnerable to attack by acids, so as the amount of acid in the water increases, the rate of reactions between the acid and the shells of marine animals goes up. This in turn means that the marine animals have to dedicate more resources to replenishing the shells to avoid death - and in a competitive natural environment "more" isn't always available.
The reaction is as follows: CaCO3 (s) + 2 H^(+) (aq) -> Ca^(2+)(aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
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