Submitted by PorkyPigDid911 t3_10ogkyl in Futurology
I like lithium batteries because they're scaling and have dual uses - transportation and stationary storage. That we have so many vehicles moving so much stuff means even if lithium batteries have more material cost, they're going to scale so hard and become so well designed due to the HUGE amounts of money floating around them.
I like flow batteries because they run forever with just basic upgrades - versus lithium which currently needs to be heavily repowered after a decade or so (replacing battery modules a third of the cost of a deployed grid sized battery install). Flow batteris aren't as energy dense as lithium - but that's ok for stationary batteries. One benefit that flow batteries will get from the energy industry - ist aht even though lihtium ion will have more capacity being manfuactured due to transportation, the energy industry is large enough that even players #2/3/4 have a space to make big bucks (like coal is #1 for electricity these days, but gas, nuclear, hydro, wind, and solar all make bank too).
It’s super exciting to see all the advances in battery technology we’ve made over the past 20 years. Heck, the last 5 years have been incredible. LI is great like you said, but the mining can have harmful effects on local ecosystems and communities. So if we can spread out what batteries we use and advance in multiple directions there can only be benefits.
Like you said, the potential to save a lot of money here is going to be driving a lot of development. Plus spreading out what materials we use for utility-scale storage and personal usage we can help ensure we avoid shortages.
Sodium for static storage could be huge. Cheap easily produced storage for renewables, releasing that lithium for other purposes and providing a way to capture more solar and wind? It's a win in so many ways.
Really hope the air-iron batteries starting production next year work out in practice for that reason.
A way to turn the decay of the most common metal in the universe into power? Yes, please!
Advances in the laboratory, nothing has changed in the real world, still the same battery in your iPhone that was in your later Nokia
> still the same battery in your iPhone that was in your later Nokia
Not really. It's 1/10th the cost and with a whole lot more electricity per volume
My Nokia had a lithium ion same battery, no doubt a little more expensive back then, though phones were cheap
The classic Nokia phone used a 25g battery with 1100mAh of capacity. It would fully charge within 3 hours.
The iPhone 14 uses a battery with 3200mah of capacity that fully charged within 2 hours
1998 ish... My wife lost her Nokia phone. In the middle of a canadian winter. She found it at the side of our driveway in the spring it must have fallen and been shovelled with the snow.
It spent 3 months in a snowbank in a Canadian Winter with temps reaching -25c and rarely above -5c...
and she picked it up, turned it on, it still had a charge and worked fine.
I miss our NOkia phones.
You can still get them! And they weren’t overly complicated so of course they are robust
Nokia made a million models, I'm referring to "later" models shortly before the iPhone. Circa 2005. We are still using the same batteries released 20 years ago. Size has no bearing on the tech. Watches have teeny tiny ones, Tesla's have very large ones.
I wasn't referring to a "classic Nokia" I was referring to a later models shortly before I phones were invented.
They're also for two very different uses. FLow batteries = great use for grid storage and peak demand/low demand grid smoothing.
Lithium = best option for your phone currently.
LFP and Sodium batteries offer a pretty good compromise.
With LFP : their 4000+ cycle life is at least 11 years, possibly 15-20 before they need replacement, depending on the application. They don't use rare earths and have become reasonably cheap per kWh. BYD blades are in the $70-120 a kWh range. (have seen both numbers). You can buy them right now.
With Sodium: similar lifespan and safety benefits of LFP, similar energy density. No use of lithium which means we won't bottleneck on lithium. CATL (world's largest battery manufacturer) promises mass production this year.
LFP? Like lithium iron phosphate?
Don't we need phosphate to grow food?
Sodium seems really plentiful, though. im excited about those.
We do but it's very cheap and not an issue if some is trapped in batteries.
At least 3 major battery makers in China have stated they are planning on mass production of sodium ion batteries sometime this year. Could be very interesting to see how these batteries perform if they do manage it.
BYD is even claiming their sodium battery may be dense enough to go into their cheapest upcoming car, which could be a game changer if it really is feasible.
The fact that we have companies creating things like this while others are creating recycling such as the aqua refining tech facility being built near Reno has be stoked. There's a great chance we start seeing some real solutions rise up over the next decade.
Redflow.com is an Aussie company making zinc bromine flow batteries. Check em out
I’m all over flow batteries because the transportation industry will gobble up every lithium battery we make for the next decade or two. There will be limits with how much lithium we can process and flow batteries represent a totally different stream.
I am concerned about billions of dead lithium batteries and what we’re going to do with them, the (so I’m told) very finite resource that is lithium, and the horrors of the cobalt mining necessary for lithium battery function. Am I out of the loop in thinking these are still legitimate concerns for the future of lithium-driven sustainability? Genuinely asking, not trying to be a dick
Batteries like this don't use cobalt, as well many cars don't use it anymore either. As well, it is very well known that we do in fact have more than enough resources - lithium in particular to meet our needs.
Lastly, already, almost every single car battery in the USA is being recycled because of the value of them and simply that it isn't allowed in many places to throw them into the dump.
From energy.gov :
“Cobalt is considered the highest material supply chain risk for electric vehicles (EVs) in the short and medium term. EV batteries can have up to 20 kg of Co in each 100 kilowatt-hour (kWh) pack. Right now, Co can make up to 20% of the weight of the cathode in lithium ion EV batteries.”
This article is from 2021, so I wonder if it’s maybe outmoded.
I do know that batteries are recyclable, but from what I understand, it’s a difficult, risky, and costly process. Has this changed or have there been any advancements on the recycling process?
Why are you able to find contrary articles, but not the answers to your basic questions?
Or are you just concern trolling?
It's reddit
Sheer laziness
It is outmoded. In the past 2 years companies have started moving away from cobalt. It won't be long before it isn't used at all.
That’s excellent
The lithium article says something I already knew, that it is recyclable, but that process is extremely difficult and costly. Are there any advancements on this front? And it’s not the recycling of cobalt so much as the horrendous conditions present at the cobalt mines that I speak of. Cobalt mining will have to continue even though we can recycle a lot of what was already mined.
You really think it will be costlier to extract those metals from the used batteries than from Earth? Lithium, for example, is 7% of battery's weight. Guess the Lithium concentration in the brine they extract it from? They are lucky to get 1%.
The metals in lithium ion are infinitely recyclable and easier and more cost effective to do so.
Not like plastic where you can recycle it, but it’s expensive and a pain in the ass
Recycled plastic is also not as good as first use plastic. Not so with battery elements.
What’s the material in flow batteries?
Boring stuff like Iron and Water
Lithium is great. But not good for longetivity. We won't last longer then a century with known reserves and that's if we start recycling. Sodium is where it's at. And using lithium only for when it's super needed is probably where the future will be
> We won't last longer then a century with known reserves
"known reserves"
Even then not much longer in the context of how long we will last. Sodium is definitely needs to be the future of mainline batteries.
Unknown reserves won't be infinite. And definitely not even close to sodium.
If we're not asteroid mining by the end of the century something went terribly wrong.
nothing is wrong with sodium batteries either, sodium batteries in research are already getting close to current lithium and have the potential to even surpass it by 20-30% with new methods.
However they will always get destroyed by the new techologies of lithium such as solid state lithium. However there is many advantages to sodium over lithium. Such as they work far better in cold tempertures and they, far far cheaper, and degrade far slower then lithium batteries.
It makes sense once these sodium batteries come up in the next decade to replace them in our phone, bikes, affordable cars(high end cars can use lithium solid state), and all other smaller electronic devices that we use lithium currently for.
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