No. We can obtain sufficient methane/methanol/triglycerides/etc during waste reclamation and do not have a societal need for additional petroleum based fuels beyond this brief period of legacy ICE support.

In theory, probably?

It's a question of what's more practical to implement both in terms of energy and material resources to try and synthesize fuels from existing atmospheric gasses compared to electric vehicles and other routes

For some niche or remote applications, ICE engines will likely always exist just because hauling fuel to some locations will always be easier than electrifying

Finding alternative solutions for cars can't be the.only choice though. Like good investment into public transportation (trains, busses, etc.) can do as much if not more than any engine technology to reduce individuals impact

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I mean, it depends. On one hand, for 99% of all use cases, there are battery/electrical based systems which will eventually replace ICEs. For example, basically all consumer vehicles, a huge portion of "around town" trucking, and basically all train systems will run off of electricity over the next 20-50 years. However, on the other hand, there may be specific and limited use cases where it actually is helpful to have the energy density of chemical fuels. For example, if I wanted to power "flying motorcycle" type vehicle for long periods of time, chemical fuels would be the way to do that simply because of the energy density. Take a small turbine engine, hook it up to a generator, and run to whatever fancy future propulsion system off that. But thats assuming we dont have an unimaginable change to battery/power generation technology.

It’s most likely nuclear fusion. We can only perform nuclear fission right now, but we are growing close to achieving fusion. It will be safer as it doesn’t product radioactive waste.

It's all about the cost. Oil is roughly $80 per barrel ($0.50 per liter). And a barrel yields roughly half a barrel of gasoline. So the cost per liter for gasoline is roughly $1.00 per liter, Synhelion estimates they can get the cost of their fuel down to about $1.00 per liter by 2030. Probably optimistic but still competitive. Although it's not clear which type of fuel that refers to. I suspect that cost is their operating cost. The initial capital to start a solar fuel plant is likely enormous. Supposedly they already have a commitment from Lufthansa. That's would be great if jet fuel could be made this way since no retooling would be necessary no only for jets, but also trucks, trains and ships.

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