The future electric grid will be an interconnected series of micro-grids. Each micro-grid, while typically capable of supporting itself will be interconnected with multiple other micro-grids for redundancy and load balancing.

These grids will be powered via a multitude of sources, predominantly renewables, and utilize a combination of hydro, gravity, thermal, V2X, and similar technology for short to mid term storage of excess energy.

In the earlier days, this will look less like micro-grids and more like grid connected buildings that are supplemented with renewables; however, that will rapidly change as the adoption of EVs increase, particularly those with V2X capabilities. As V2X increases, the charging systems will use algorithmic models of usage patterns to intelligentlly allow for excess energy to be re-introduced into the grid.

This will subsequently reduce the demand on what is predominantly fossil fuel based generators to provide power at night.. which decreases their efficiency and increases the cost of production. In turn, this will encourage the adoption of renewables on a smaller scale (i.e. transitioning from primarily industrial and large enterprises, to mid-size, and ultimately residential).

As this occurs, there will also be a significant transition to large scale long-term energy storage to buffer those "once in a century" type events that exceed micro-grid capacity.