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r2k-in-the-vortex t1_j2hy0xw wrote

Suppose you had a dice and wanted to know how it rolls. Well, you could build a physics simulator, 3D model, run it on a classical computer and find out, or you could just roll the die and have reality sort it out.

Quantum computing is more like the second option, except with particles and systems that exhibit quantum behavior. The important bit, is that it's not just rolling the die. It's possible to map computation tasks to behavior of these quantum systems. That is an incredibly powerful concept, it can compute some things that are just plain not computable on classical computers because it would take longer than age of the universe to run the computation.

Hard part about it is to map useful computational tasks to quantum computing, it's very much not like programming we are used to on classical computers, it's very demanding on actually understanding the physics involved which is very complicated. The other hard part is building a good enough quantum computer, that's not easy and all the presently working quantum computers have significant limitations.

In summary, don't expect to directly use a quantum computer any time soon, but if things go well, you may be able to use something created using computations done on a quantum computer that couldn't have otherwise been computed.

For example, battery manufacturers have tried to find better materials for making batteries using quantum computers. The particular experiment didn't yield useful results, but it's a good example of how one day results of quantum computing might reach a consumer.

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