I think you are confusing adhesion and adhesives. Taping compounds do not have any form of adhesive added. They are just a bit different mixture, but no adhesive.

The different mixture causes better wetting/adhesion to paper tape. But the improved adhesion is not due to adhesive compounds being specially added. Otherwise it would be roughly impossible to sand.

Check the MSDS:

https://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/united_states/sds/usg-sheetrock-taping-ready-mixed-joint-compound-sds-en-61000010005.pdf

vs

https://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/united_states/sds/usg-sheetrock-all-purpose-joint-compound-ready-mixed-sds-en-61000010001.pdf

The main difference is in limestone amounts.